Introduction:
The German language is a West Germanic language mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol. It is also a co-official language of Luxembourg, Belgium, and parts of southwestern Poland, as well as a national language in Namibia. It contains close similarities in vocabulary to some languages in the North Germanic group, such as Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish. German is a native language to almost 100 million people worldwide and is spoken by a total of over 130 million people. It is also the second most widely spoken Germanic language after English. German is widely taught as a foreign language, especially in Europe, where it is the third-most taught foreign language (after English and French), and the United States. The language has been influential in the fields of philosophy, theology, science, and technology. The modern German alphabet consists of twenty-six letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet plus four special letters. Even though vowel length is phonemic in German, it is not consistently represented though there are different ways of identifying long vowels. A typical feature of German spelling is the general capitalization of nouns and of most nominalized words.

