1- Portuguese grammar. In general, both languages use similar terminology and conceptualize grammar and syntax the same way.
2- Portuguese and English share what is called “open” classes, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. They are called open word classes because there’s a constant inflow of new words besides the elimination of older ones that are no longer in use.
3- Similarly, both languages also share what is classified as the “closed” word classes (or “function words”), namely articles, prepositions, pronouns, numerals, and conjunctions, that doesn’t change.
4- Apart from a few exceptions, by default, both English and Portuguese form the plural by adding an -s at the end of nouns, the so-called s-plural.
5- Because some words in English come from the same root as some words in Portuguese (mostly Latin words), the word will be similar in both languages, with a minor difference in the suffix
6- Portuguese and English are both members of the Indo-European language family—Portuguese belongs to the Romance branch (along with Spanish, Italian and French) and English belongs to the Germanic branch (which also includes German, Dutch, and Norwegian).
7- English and Portuguese are “genetically” similar not just because they are distant relatives, but also because they also evolved in the same language area, a geographical area of intense linguistic exchange. And languages that evolve in the same linguistic area tend to converge towards each other, even if they are completely unrelated.
